Author: Khalid R. Kreem, Ibrahim A. Altamemi
Page: 1-13
Published online: 29 Jan 2026
Abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease a condition as one of the causes of loss of tolerance to several autoantigens triggering the involvement of the immune system to the destruction of tissues. One of the most disabling symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) refers to lupus nephritis (LN). It does also have a frequency‐of‐occurrence that is dependent on some level of kidney inflammation. The immune complexes accumulated in the mesangial, subepithelial and subendothelia...