TY  - JOUR
T1  - Monthly and Seasonal Patterns of Autoimmune Nephrotic Syndrome in Najaf, Iraq
AU - Kareem, Khalid
        
JO  - ACE Research Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SP  - 26
EP  - 29
PY  - 2026
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 2520-3975
DO  - 10.36478/rjmb.2026.26.29
UR  - https://theacepublications.com/article-detail.php?art=283-ACE-RJMB
KW  - Autoimmune nephrotic syndrome
KW  - Pediatric nephrology
KW  - Seasonality
KW  - Infections
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Poisson regression
AB  - Autoimmune Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is marked by
significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and dyslipidemia
causing by the deposition of immune complex glomeruli. Relapses
are frequent, particularly in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome,
and have historically been associated with secondary infections.
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) frequently presents with relapsing–remitting
patterns, influenced by possible viral and environmental factors. To
determine monthly and seasonal NS patterns in Najaf, Iraq, and assess
correlations with age and sex, while analyzing findings within current
research. We combined eight monthly datasets in a row (n=1099) and
kept the month, age, sex, and diagnosis (NS). Winter (Jan-Feb), spring
(Mar-Apr), and summer (May-Aug) were the three seasons. Descriptive
counts were supplemented by chi-square (sex vs. month/season),
Kruskal-Wallis (age vs. month/season), and Poisson GLM for monthly
counts, adjusted for mean age and female proportion. A numerical peak
was noted in the summer and the eighth month; however, seasonal
effects were not statistically significant following adjustment. The
present results are in line with mixed evidence from around the world
about NS seasonality. Longer multi-year series including infection
parameters are necessary to pinpoint preventive triggers and enhance
seasonal readiness.
ER  -