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@article{ACE20211152,
    title = {Piezoelectric Cellular Polymers: A Review},
    journal = {},
    volume = {1},
    number = {1},
    pages = {1-12},
    year = {2021},
    issn = {},
    doi = {},
    url = {https://theacepublications.com/article-detail.php?art=52-ACE-JARCS},
    author = {Fatemah and},
    keywords = {Piezoelectric,  Cellular Polymers},
    abstract = {<p>Piezoelectricity is capability in special materials can &nbsp;convert mechanical energy into electrical energy conversely such as ceramics and polar polymers like (PVDF) and its copolymers. The piezoelectric effect results from the linear electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and electrical states in crystalline materials<strong>.</strong> Piezoelectricity is exploited in a number of useful applications, such as the production and detection of sound, piezoelectric&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printing">inkjet printing</a>, generation of high voltages,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_generator">clock generator</a>&nbsp;in electronics,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbalance">microbalances</a>, to drive an&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_nozzle">ultrasonic nozzle</a>, and ultrafine focusing of optical assemblies. It forms the basis for a number of scientific instrumental techniques with atomic resolution, the&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_probe_microscopy">scanning probe microscopies</a>, such as&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_tunneling_microscopy">STM</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_force_microscopy">AFM</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microthermal_analysis">MTA</a>, and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning_near-field_optical_microscopy">SNOM</a>. It also finds every day uses such as acting as the ignition source for&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighters">cigarette lighters</a>, push-start&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbecue#Natural_gas_and_propane">propane barbecues</a>, used as the time reference source in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_clock">quartz watches</a>, as well as in&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar_amplifier">amplification</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickup_(music_technology)">pickups</a>&nbsp;for some&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guitar">guitars</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigger_(drums)">triggers</a>&nbsp;in most modern&nbsp;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_drum">electronic drums</a>. In last two decades, non-polar cellular polymers also has received much attention cuse reasonable price, lightness, flexibility and the piezoelectric coefficient (d33). These polymers are different applications in energy absorbers, sensors which used in medical sciences. Thermoplastic materials show a high piezoelectric coefficient such as Polypropylene (PP) , Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) Polyethylene (PE) and cyclic polyalphins (COP). By placing these cell films in strong electric field (halo discharge or between two electrodes) gas ionizes by electric field, stays inside the cells. The piezoelectric materials have behavire and properties of fero electrical materials. They are many important factors such as cell structure (morphology, size and density).The type of ionizing gas have a direct effect on the piezoelectric coefficient. Polypropylene is one of the most widely cellular polymers used in the piezoelectrics field. low price, fatigue resistance and good charge confinement in cells which provided the study for other polymers. &nbsp;In this article, recent developments to improvement piezoelectric coefficient are discussed ,and effect of various factors such as fracture toughness electricity of different gases, Young&#39;s modulus, polymer operating temperature and additives on piezoelectricity in cellular polymers have been reviewed.</p>}
    }